Water Resources In India
Water Resources In India
Water Resources:
Much of the rain is a gift of the monsoon and is primarily orthographic. The annual rainfall of 116 cm is only marginally higher than the global mean of 99 cm. Spatial distribution of rainfall in India is characterised by great unevenness. While Mawsynram, located in the southern face of Meghalaya plateau, receives the highest annual rainfall in world, India also has one of the driest regions of world, ie. Jaisalmer, located in the western part of the country. Generally, rainfall decreases from east to west.
India has 4 per cent of the freshwater reserve of the world. The annually replenishable groundwater has been estimated at 432 billion cubic meters (BCM). The Ganga basin has the highest potential followed by the Godavari and the Brahmaputra. The Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain, with an area of around 25,000 kım, is one of the largest groundwater reservoirs in the world. Of the total groundwater of India, only 30 percent has been harnessed. Overuse of groundwater in almost all the states of India has led to ground water depletion in large parts of the country. In certain areas, like Punjab, the level of groundwater exploitation is over 98 per cent.
India is rich in terms of surface water wealth. It has some of the largest rives of world, e.g. the Brahmaputra (2,900 km), the Indus (2,810 km) and the Ganga (2,525 km). Besides, there are many other large river basins, with basin area of more than 20,000 km². Some of its lakes are internationally known, eg. Chilka, Wular, Sambhar etc. Rainfall is the main source of surface water in India. It receives about 4.000 BCM of water from precipitation. Of this, monsoon rainfall accounts for about 3,000 BCM.
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